Labour market outcomes for participants in the establishment program in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark

This comparative study analyses labour market integration of adult refugees settled in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden between 2008 and 2019.

The study investigates whether the establishment patterns differ in a short- and long-term perspective, and how outcomes relate to the countries' various introduction efforts. Participation in regular education, unpaid job-training and subsidized employment as well as income from work are in focus.

In addition, factors are identified that promote the integration of refugee and relative immigrants who historically have had a weak position on the labor market. Differences between women and men and people with low education are particularly noted.

During the last two decades, the inflow of refugees and relatives of immigrants has been high in the Nordic countries and increased sharply in the years 2015–2016. The three countries offer refugees similar support in the form of introduction and establishment efforts to get into society and the labor market.